Module 3: Health and Environment
Summary: Save the Earth!
Key points
- Logging, forest fires and hunting threaten forests and wild creatures.
- Offenders who break environmental laws must be punished.
- We can prevent fires by being careful in forests.
- A healthy diet and a healthy planet go together.
Rules to remember
Advice
should / shouldn’t / ought to + base verb: You should recycle. You ought to walk more.
Obligation
must + base verb: Offenders must pay a fine.
Prohibition
mustn’t + base verb, or the imperative Don’t…: You mustn’t hunt here. Don’t litter!
How to do it
- Decide: is it a good idea (advice), a necessity (obligation) or forbidden (prohibition)?
- Choose should / ought to, must, or mustn’t / Don’t.
- Add the base verb (remember: ought TO).
Example
You should switch off the lights. You must put waste in the bin. Don’t pick the flowers!
Common mistakes
- ❌ You should to recycle. ➡️ ✅ You should recycle.
- ❌ You ought recycle. ➡️ ✅ You ought to recycle.
- ❌ You don’t must hunt. ➡️ ✅ You mustn’t hunt.
Key words
Summary written by سكولار for quick revision: it does not replace the lesson and its exercises.